Note - is the basic unit of music that represents a specific sound. The musical system uses 12 notes: 7 natural notes (C, D, E, F, G, A, B) and 5 accidentals (♯ or ♭).
Chord - is a combination of three or more notes played at the same time — for example, a C major chord (C, E, G).
Major - this is a scale that has a “bright” and joyful sound.
Minor - is a scale that typically has a melancholic or sorrowful sound.
Harmony - is the combination of sounds and chords. It can be simple (like a few basic chords) or complex (with rich chord progressions).
Melody - is a sequence of notes that forms a recognizable musical phrase or motif.
Rhythm - is the organization of music in time, it determines how long notes and pauses last. It includes note durations (quarters, halves, eighths), tempo, and accents.
Key - is the system that defines which notes and chords are used in a composition. For example, in the key of C major, the main notes are C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.
Interval - is the distance in pitch between two notes. For instance, the interval between C and E is a third, and between C and G is a fifth**.**
Tempo - is the speed of a musical piece, measured in beats per minute (BPM).
Octave - is the interval between two notes where one sounds twice as high or low in frequency as the other. For example, C in octave 3 is lower than C in octave 4.
Arpeggio - is when the notes of a chord are played one after another instead of all at once, like playing C, E, and G in sequence instead of together.
Tonic - is the main note or chord of a key, the musical “home” that the melody and harmony naturally resolve to. In the key of C major, the tonic is the note C and the C major chord.